Mu myaka ibiri iri imbere, ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’Afrika bigera kuri 12 byo mu turere dutandukanye bigiye guhabwa no gutangira gukoresha inkingo za Malariya, ari nabwo bwa mbere hazaba hatanzwe izi nkingo mu buryo bwa rusange. Ku ikubitiro hateganijwe kuzatangwa doze zigera kuri miliyoni 18.

Ibyo bihugu byateguriwe kwakira izo nkingo nk’uko byemejwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga rishinzwe iby’Inkingo (GAVI), ni Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Benin, Burkina Faso, u Burundi, Cameroon, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), Liberia, Niger, Sierra Leone na Uganda.

Ubuyobozi bwa GAVI buvuga ko ikwirakwizwa n’itangwa ry’izo nkingo ari intambwe y’ingenzi cyane mu rugamba rwo guhashya Malariya, icyorezo kiza imbere mu guteza imfu nyinshi ku mugabane w’Afurika.

Ibihugu byatoranyijwe hagendewe ku mahame n’amabwiriza bikubiye muri gahunda yo gukwirakwiza inkingo za Malariya zikiri nkeya cyane, akaba yibanda cyane ku kugeza izo nkingo aho zikenewe cyane kurusha ahandi, aho ibyago byo kurwara Malariya biri hejuru cyane ndetse n’imfu ziterwa n’icyo cyorezo zikaba ziri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ahandi.

Guhera mu mwaka wa 2019, igihugu cya Ghana, icya Kenya na Malawi byatangaga urukingo rwa Malariya binyuze muri gahunda igamije gushyira mu bikorwa itangwa ry’inkingo za Malariya (MVIP) iyobowe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) igaterwa inkunga na GAVI, Global Fund na UNITAID.

Ibyo bishimangirwa n’uko muri icyo gihe gishize Malariya y’igikatu yagabanyutse n’imfu z’abana bikaba uko, mu bice izo nkingo zatangwagamo. Kubera uburyo izo nkingo zizewe, ibihugu 28 by’Afurika byagaragaje ko byifuza guhabwa izo nkingo.

Mu myaka igera kuri ine ishize, urwo rukingo rwiswe RTS,S/AS01 rwahawe abasaga miliyoni 1.7 muri Ghana, Kenya na Malawi ari na ho hakorewe igeragezwa ryarwo rishimangira ko rutekanye kandi rutanga umusaruro ufatika mu gukumira ubwandu bwa Malariya.

Urwo rukingo rwakozwe n’uruganda GSK, ariko mu gihe kiri imbere biteganyijwe ko hazaboneka n’urundi rwitwa R21/Matrix-M rwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Oxford rugategurwa n’Ikigo cyitwa ‘Serum Institute of India (SII)’, rukaba ruri hafi kwemezwa na OMS.

Ibyo bihugu 12 bigiye guherwaho byiyemeje kwinjiza inkingo za Malariya muri gahunda yabyo yo gukingira. Biteganyijwe ko bizatangira kwakira icyiciro cya mbere cy’izo nkingo mu gihembwe cya kane cy’uyu mwaka wa 2023, maze ibihugu bitangirane n’umwaka wa 2024 bizihereza abazikeneye.

Thabani Maphosa, Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe gahunda yo gukwirakwiza inkingo muri GAVI, yagize ati: “Inkingo zigaragaza amahirwe menshi yo guhangana na Malariya, kandi igihe zizaba zimaze gukwizwa henshi bikajyana n’izindi gahunda zo guhangana na yo, zizakumira imfu zitagira ingano zabonekaga buri mwaka.”

Yakomeje agira ati: “Mu gihe dukorana n’inganda zizikora kugira ngo zongere ingano yazo, dukwiye guharanira ko doze dufite ubu zikoreshwa neza bishoboka, bivuze ko dukwiye gukurikiza amasomo tuzagenda twigira mu bihugu 12 bitangiriweho.”

Malariya iracyaza imbere mu byorezo bihitana abantu benshi kuko abasaga kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni cy’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bapfa ari yo bazize, bangana na 95% by’abarwaye malariya ku Isi na 96% by’imfu zabonetse mu mwaka wa 2021.

Ephrem T Lema, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda y’ikingira mu Ishami ry’Umuryago w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bana (UNICEF), yongeraho ati: “Hafi buri munota, umwana uri munsi y’imyaka itanu ahitanwa na Malariya. Mu gihe kinini gishize, izo mfu zagiye zikumirwa binyuze mu buvuzi; ariko gutangiza uru rukingo mu bana, by’umwihariko muri Afurika, bizarushaho gutanga amahirwe y’ubuzima kuri benshi.”

Dr Kate O’Brien, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda y’ikingira muri OMS, na we avuga ko urwo rukingo ruje guhindura byinshi mu kunoza ubuzima n’imibereho y’umwana n’iy’umuryango avukamo. Ati: “Inkingo za mbere zigiye gutangwa zigenewe abana bafite ibyago biri hejuru cyane byo kwicwa na Malariya.

Nubwo inkingo zikiri nkeya ugereranyijwe n’izikenewe, ubuyobozi bwa OMS bwamaze gutegura uburyo zizakwirakwizwa mu bihugu by’Afurika, aho mu 2022 bwatumije impuguke zo mu bihugu bitandukanye by’Afurika kugira ngo bashyireho amahame n’amabwiriza agenga ikwirakwizwa ryazo ashingiye ku bufatanye ateganya ko zigomba guhera ku bazikeneye cyane kurusha abandi.

Imibare itangwa na OMS igaragaza ko inkingo zizaba zikenewe ku Isi mu mwaka wa 2026 zizaba zibarirwa hagati ya doze miliyoi 40 na miliyoni 60, mu gihe bizagera mu mwaka wa 2023 izikenewe zibarirwa hagati ya doze miliyoni 80 na miliyoni 100.

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